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Common Law Trusts for the Care of Pets

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If the degree of trust in the designated caretaker is not sufficient to warrant the broad authority granted to the caretaker-trustee under a statutory pet trust, then the pet owner should consider establishing a traditional legally-enforceable common law trust that will accomplish the same objectives and eliminate some of the uncertainties associated with the statutory pet trust, as discussed above.[1]  Under the common law trust, the caretaker is considered a contingent beneficiary of the trust – as long as the pet is living and the caretaker is taking adequate care of the pet, he or she is a considered a beneficiary entitled to distributions.  The “enforcer” actually serves as a trustee, with the power of management over the caretaking funds and the power to take possession of the pet from one caretaker and switch it to another person (other than the trustee).  All this may be accomplished without the necessity of judicial intervention

[1] Under a common law trust, unlike a statutory pet trust, the other beneficiaries of the trust would presumably have no right to challenge the amount passing to the trust.  The caretaker is not the trustee and is only a contingent beneficiary of a present interest – i.e., his or her interest during the life of the pet may always be divested.  (It is also possible for the caretaker to be the remainder beneficiary without a merger of title, although for practical reasons, this is probably not recommended.)  Furthermore, because only humans are beneficiaries, the trust would generally be enforceable in every jurisdiction if accompanied by the appropriate perpetuities savings clause.